Made of: A mixture of silver, tin, zinc, copper, and mercury. Mercury is nearly 50% of the mixture.
Types: Traditional (non-bonded), bonded
Used for: Fillings in back teeth
Lasts: At least seven years, usually longer
Costs: The least expensive type of restorative material

Advantages

* Amalgam fillings are strong and can withstand the forces of chewing.
* They are relatively inexpensive, compared with alternatives.
* An amalgam filling can be completed in one dental visit.

Disadvantages

* Amalgam doesn’t match the color of your teeth.
* Healthy parts of your tooth often must be removed to make a space large enough to hold an amalgam filling.
* Amalgam fillings can corrode or tarnish over time, causing discoloration where the filling meets the tooth.
* A traditional (non-bonded) amalgam filling does not bond (stick) to your tooth. The cavity preparation (the “pocket” in your tooth) developed by your dentist requires undercuts or ledges to provide retention of the filling. Your dentist may have to remove additional tooth structure to establish good retention for the filling.
* Some people may be allergic to mercury or be concerned about its effects, although research shows the amount of mercury exposure from fillings is similar to what people get from other sources in the environment.
* The dentist needs to make a larger preparation in the tooth in order for the filling to fit, which results in extra loss of tooth structure.

Composite Resin

Made of: A mixture of plastic and fine glass particles.
Types: Direct and indirect. Direct fillings are placed by your dentist using a bright blue light that hardens the soft material. For indirect fillings, your dentist prepares the tooth, takes an impression and a laboratory makes the filling. During a second visit, your dentist cements this filling into place.
Used for: Small and large fillings, especially in front teeth or the visible parts of teeth; also for inlays
Lasts: At least five years
Costs: More than amalgam, but less than gold

Advantages

* Your fillings or inlay will match the color of your teeth. and provide a natural look.
* A filling can be completed in one dental visit. An inlay may require two visits.
* Composite fillings can bond directly to the tooth, making the tooth stronger than it would be with an amalgam filling.
* Less drilling is involved than with amalgam fillings because your dentist does not have to shape the space as much to hold the filling securely. The bonding process holds the composite resin in the tooth.
* Indirect composite fillings and inlays are heat-cured, increasing their strength.
* Composite resin can be used in combination with other materials, such as glass ionomer, to provide the benefits of both materials.
* The filling is hard by the time the procedure is over, so there is no waiting period.

Disadvantages

* Although composite resins have become stronger and more resistant to wear, it’s not clear whether they are strong enough to last as long as amalgam fillings under the pressure of chewing.
* The composite may shrink when placed; this can lead to more cavities in the future in areas where the filling is not making good contact with your tooth. The shrinkage is reduced when your dentist places this type of filling in thin layers.
* These fillings take more time to place because they are usually placed in layers. The increased time and labor involved also contribute to the higher cost (compared with amalgam fillings).
* Indirect fillings and inlays take at least two visits to complete. Your dentist takes impressions at the first visit and places the filling or inlay at the second visit.
* In large cavities, composites may not last as long as amalgam fillings.
* Composite fillings will stain over time when exposed to food and drink such as tea and coffee. However, the composite filling will not whiten as teeth will, when bleached.

Cast Gold

Made of: Gold alloy (gold mixed with other metals)
Used for: Inlays and onlays, crowns
Lasts: At least seven years, usually longer
Costs: More than most other materials; six to10 times more expensive than amalgam

Advantages

* Gold doesn’t corrode.
* Some people like the gold color better than the silver color of amalgam.
* Gold fillings are durable enough to withstand chewing forces.

Disadvantages

* You must visit the dentist at least twice to receive a gold filling. At the first visit, the dentist makes an impression of your tooth and a temporary filling is placed. The gold filling is made from the impression and is placed at a second visit.
* The cost is high because of the high cost of gold and the work involved.
* If gold and amalgam fillings are right next to each other in your mouth, an electric current can result from interactions between the metals and your saliva, resulting in discomfort. This is called “galvanic shock.”

Gold Foil

Made of: Gold
Used for: Small fillings in areas where you don’t chew hard; repairing crowns
Lasts: Approximately 10 to 15 years
Costs: Up to four times as much as amalgam

Advantages

* Gold foil can last a long time.

Disadvantages

* Gold foil restorations require great skill and attention to detail by the dentist. Improper placement of gold foil can damage the pulp or periodontal (gum) tissues.
* Gold foil costs more than amalgam and composite fillings.
* It may be difficult to find a dentist who offers gold foil as an option because it is being replaced by other materials that match the color of your teeth.

Ceramics

Made of: Porcelain, most commonly
Used for: Inlays and onlays, crowns
Lasts: Five to seven years
Costs: Can cost as little as composite or as much or more than gold, depending on the filling.

Advantages

* Ceramics are tooth-colored.
* Ceramics are more resistant to staining and abrasion than composite resin.

Disadvantages

* Ceramics are more brittle than composite resin.
* A ceramic inlay or onlay needs to be large enough to prevent it from breaking, so the tooth must be reduced in size to make room for the extra bulk.

Glass Ionomer

Made of: Acrylic and a component of glass called fluoroaluminosilicate
Types: Traditional (the material sets without a bright light), or resin-modified or hybrid composite (stronger than traditional glass ionomer; a bright blue light is used to set the material)
Used for: Most commonly used as cementation for inlay fillings, but glass ionomer also is used for fillings in front teeth or to fill areas around the necks of your teeth or on roots. As filling material, glass ionomer is typically used in people with a lot of decay in the part of the tooth that extends below the gum (root caries). It is also used for filling baby teeth and as a liner for other types of fillings.
Lasts: Five years or more
Costs: Comparable to composite resin

Advantages

* Glass ionomer matches the color of the teeth, although it does not always match as well as composite resin. Resin-modified glass ionomer is usually a better match than traditional glass ionomer.
* In some cases, no drilling is needed to place a glass ionomer filling. This makes this type of filling useful for small children.
* Glass ionomers release fluoride, which can help protect the tooth from further decay.
* Glass ionomer restorations bond (stick) to the tooth, which helps to prevent leakage around the filling and further decay.

Disadvantages

* Traditional glass ionomer is significantly weaker than composite resin. It is much more likely to wear or fracture.
* Traditional glass ionomer does not match your tooth color as precisely as composite resin.
* If you are getting a resin-modified glass ionomer filling, each thin layer needs to be cured, or hardened, with a special bright blue light before the next layer can be added. This makes the tooth stronger, but can lengthen the time of the dental appointment. Source : rumahku sorgaku.

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In the research material consisted of 173 people with peripheral giant cell Granuloma, found that the level of disease is highest in the period of mixed teeth. In childhood Granuloma is more common in boys than girls, after 16 years of age affected the number of women are two times the number of men affected. Mandible slightly more often affected than the maksilla and more common in the premolar-molar region than in the incisivus-caninus. Sometimes, the lesions found in the edentulous alveolar ridge.

Peripheral giant cell Granuloma has an unknown aetiology, with some debate whether these lesions showed a reactive process or neoplastic. Nevertheless, most experts believe that the giant cell Granuloma peripheral including a reactive lesion.

Granuloma peripheral giant cell lesions including reactive rare. This lesion is also known as giant-cell epulis, osteoclastoma, giant cell reparative giant cell Granuloma or myeloid hyperplasia and epulis. Granuloma peripheral giant cell lesions including giant cell is most common in the jaw and from the connective tissue of the periosteum or periodontal membrane, in response to local irritation or chronic trauma.
Definition Granuloma Peripheral Giant Cell

Peripheral giant cell Granuloma is ekstraosseus nodules consisting of proliferation of mononuclear and giant cell multinukleasi related vaskularisasi found on the gingiva or alveolar ridge.

Peripheral giant cell Granuloma is a hyperplastic reaction in the gingival tissue is dominated by components and endothelial cell histiositik. Both types of cells are mixed and arranged in lobular pattern separated by fibrous connective tissue containing blood vessels large sinusoids.

The name is taken from the lesion histiosit tendency to form giant mononuclear cell multinukleasi broad; peripheral location (ekstraosseus) of these lesions is more narrow, more likely to center (intraosseus); and clinical picture of the gingival lesions is similar to the response to the reactive Granuloma.

The factors that initiate the occurrence of lesions is unknown. Lesions containing giant cell networks similar to those found in other parts of the body but primarily in the bone.
Causes (Etilogy) Granuloma Peripheral Giant Cell

Granuloma Causes of peripheral giant cell is unknown, although local irritation caused by dental plaque or calculus, periodontal disease, tooth restoration bad, bad protesa, or extract a tooth, has been considered to participate in the development of these lesions.

Research recently, describes the development of giant cell Granuloma-related peripheral dental implants. Peripheral giant cell Granuloma emerged as a result of unusual complication of implant placement, developed from several months to several years after placement of dental implants.
Clinical picture of Giant Cell Granuloma Peripheral

Lesion begins with swelling of colored dome-shaped reddish or purple-colored on the interdental papilla or the alveolar ridge. Dentulous lesions in patients often look more reddish due to ulceration happens when food is chewed and the thin epithelium of the mass protruding.

Larger lesions are usually around one or more teeth, often involving the periodontal ligament, including the apex of the tooth. These lesions cause loss and movement of teeth. Edentulous area lesions on the dome-shaped, purple, and usually have an intact surface. Periapikal radiographs generally show a loss of superficial layers of the cortical bone, and the remaining bones in the middle who do not get involved.

Peripheral giant cell Granuloma is characterized by a clear boundary swelling, hard, and rarely berulserasi. Basically not stemmed, the surface smooth or slightly bergranula and pink to purple red. Nodula are usually several mm to 1 cm in diameter, although the rapid enlargement can create a disturbing large growth in the teeth beside him. The lesions are usually without symptoms, tatapi because of its aggressive, then the alveolar bone below it are often involved and make radiolusensi “peripheral cuff” patognomonik superficial.
Histopathology Granuloma Peripheral Giant Cell

Microscopic picture showing nodular structure of giant cell networks are separated by fibrous septum. Networking giant cell consists of a mixture of mononuclear and giant cell multinukleasi underlying ekstravasasi red blood cells. There are a number of capillaries and the sinusoids. Fibrous stroma thinned or thickened, and contains a wide network and the structure of the thin vascular walls. Hemosiderin content of large amounts of tissue are found in and around giant cell fibrous components.

Histologically found many beriti multiple giant cells and fibroblast-fibroblast in all specimens. Histologically, these lesions can not be distinguished from central giant cell Granuloma and brown tumors of hyperparathyroidism.
Diagnosis of Giant Cell Peripheral Appeal

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A study published in the journal Obstetrics And Gynecology uncover the case of a woman aged 35 who suffer from gum disease common. At week 39, she gave birth to a baby who had died in the state.

In the blood, lungs and the baby’s stomach, doctors found traces of the same oral bacteria to bacteria in the mouth of the mother. This death was reported by a microbiologist in Ohio.

The scientists believe that any disruption of the amniotic fluid, the fluid that surrounds unborn babies, would endanger the mother and baby. This makes the disease gum infection becomes truly dangerous.

After following the preventive measures, mothers of babies who died were eventually gave birth to a baby boy both healthythrough pregnancy.

“This case has shown that improving oral health in pregnant women is an impact on unborn babies,” said Dr Nigel Carter British Dental Health Foundation, was quoted as saying dailymail site. com. “If you’re pregnant, it is important to make extra dental care.” (IK/OL-08)

Disease osteoporosis is generally referred to this cartilage ache was advancing her back she was young. Undeniably osteoporosis ache in women is afflicted by the hormone estrogen. However, because of fresh affection arise afterwards 50 years of age, osteoporosis is a ache not calmly detected early.

Approximately 80% percent of osteoporosis patients are women, including adolescent women who accomplished abeyance of menstrual cycles (amenorrhea). The accident of the hormone estrogen afterwards menopause access the accident of osteoporosis.

Although osteoporosis is a ache added advancing women, men still accept the accident of osteoporosis disease. Just as in women, osteoporosis in men the ache is additionally afflicted by estrogen. The aberration is, men do not acquaintance menopause, and osteoporosis is advancing added slowly.

Have you apparent the old adult hunchback? The old adult charge accept suffered from osteoporosis, a ache that causes the arced spine. Osteoporosis does not appearance concrete signs of the absolute to appear absorptive or cracks in old age.

Disease osteoporosis is bargain cartilage anatomy is progressive, so that basic become breakable and breach easily. Cartilage composed of minerals such as calcium and phosphate, so that the cartilage becomes adamantine and dense. If the anatomy can not adapt the mineral agreeable in bones, the basic become beneath close and added fragile, so there was osteoporosis.

Causes of osteoporosis accommodate soda. There’s a acceptable abstraction to alpha to absolute bendable drinks. Because the agreeable of assorted additives in it, including taste, dyes, acerbic additives, foam-forming agents, and preservatives in it is not acceptable for health. Bubbler a can of soda a day can access the accident of bidding metabolic affection to 48 percent. Metabolic affection is a set of accident factors for affection ache and
diabetes.
Soda is a acceptable activate osteoporosis. When bubbler soda, teeth and basic to absolution calcium into the bloodstream to advice antithesis the phosphoric acerbic independent in soda. Furthermore, this phosphoric acerbic will be removed from the anatomy with calcium that accept been appear basic and teeth. This action will abide every time you alcohol soda, so that robs the body’s calcium accumulation and activate osteoporosis.

Before you already had fractures that agitate the action and mobility, accommodate time to analysis your bones.

yellow teeth

Why we can yellow teeth when when we were born and grew teeth at the age of the baby & children’s teeth are white and shiny? Teeth have two parts called enamel exterior is made of porcelain and shiny and the inside is called dentin. When we eat and chew, will cause erosion and enamel layer occurred in the micro-sized cracks here and there. This rift is filled with dirt from our food so that the color of shiny enamel that had become dull.
With diligent brushing will remove impurities attached to the enamel so that the enamel clean again, but the sheen of the enamel can not be returned to our original children because of these cracks, so there are efforts by medical science to whiten teeth .

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1. Washing of the eyes. To relieve the irritation of eyes, in an emergency salt water used to wash the eyes. If the complaint is not reduced, their review to the eye doctor.

2. Mouthwash. The hot water is spiked with a little salt is an effective dessert. Also when exposed to strep throat. Enter some salt in warm water, stir gently and use mouthwash.

3. White Teeth. It seems boring re shining teeth with a dry salt form at the end of the feather brush when brushing teeth.

4. Awet Tooth Brush. Fresh toothbrushes soak in a salt water solution will cause the toothbrush to be more durable in use.

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